What to Know About Endocrine Disruptors (and How to Avoid Them!)

“Endocrine disruptors” may sound like a term you’d only see in a textbook, but the truth is, these sneaky chemicals are lurking in everyday products and pose a very real risk to the body’s hormonal system. Here's what parents need to know about endocrine disruptors and how to minimize their impact on children.

What are endocrine disruptors?

Endocrine disruptors are substances that interfere with the body's endocrine system—the complex network of glands and hormones that take the lead on growth, development, metabolism, and reproductive health. These stealthy chemicals can mimic or block natural hormones, interfering with normal bodily functions. And little ones are uniquely vulnerable to their effects.

Because kids are still growing, their organs and tissues are more susceptible to damage from these chemicals. Their endocrine systems are crucial for regulating growth, brain development, and puberty. Even low-level exposures during critical developmental windows can have long-lasting impacts on a child’s health. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) emphasizes that early exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals is associated with adverse health outcomes, including developmental delays, reproductive issues, and obesity. The AAP has also voiced concerns about these chemicals’ potential role in causing or exacerbating chronic conditions, such as asthma and attention disorders.

Common endocrine disruptors include:

• Bisphenol A (BPA): Found in plastic containers, water bottles, and the linings of canned foods.
• Phthalates: Used in soft plastics like shower curtains, vinyl flooring, and personal care products (often hidden under "fragrance").
• Flame Retardants: Present in furniture, electronics, and children's pajamas.
• Pesticides: Found on non-organic fruits, vegetables, and lawn care products.
• Parabens: Preservatives used in shampoos, lotions, and cosmetics.
• Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Found in nonstick cookware, water-repellent clothing, and some food packaging.

They’re pervasive in our environment—but parents can still take meaningful steps to reduce exposure!

How to Limit Endocrine Disruptor Exposure

Thankfully, there are several steps parents can take to reduce their child’s exposure to these potentially harmful chemicals:

• Stash food safely: Avoid using plastic containers, especially for hot foods and beverages, as heat can cause chemicals like BPA and phthalates to leach into food. Instead, opt for glass or stainless-steel containers. If you do use plastic, look for BPA-free labels and avoid plastics marked with recycling codes 3, 6, and 7.
  
• Be picky about personal care products: Read labels on shampoos, lotions, and sunscreens to avoid harmful chemicals. Phthalates, often hidden under "fragrance" in ingredient lists, are common endocrine disruptors. Look for products labeled “phthalate-free” or use fragrance-free options. The Environmental Working Group’s Skin Deep database can help identify safer products for your family.
  
• Clean up your indoor air: Dust and vacuum regularly to reduce the presence of flame retardants and other chemicals that settle on surfaces. A vacuum with a HEPA filter works best to trap these teeny-tiny particles. Open your windows frequently let in fresh air and use an air purifier if needed.
  
• Choose safer home furnishings. When buying new furniture, opt for items that are free of flame retardants and have low or no formaldehyde. Many manufacturers are now offering more environmentally friendly options that are safer for children. The AAP recommends avoiding upholstery treated with stain-resistant chemicals, as these can be sources of harmful exposures.
  
• Build a healthy hand-washing habit. Teaching your kids to wash their hands doesn’t just keep germs away, it can minimize the transfer of chemicals from surfaces to their mouths, too!
  
• Eat fresh, organic produce when you can. Pesticides used in conventional farming can be endocrine disruptors. While it’s not always possible to buy everything organic, the EWG’s “Dirty Dozen” list of fruits and vegetables that tend to have the highest pesticide residues can be a good place to start. Washing and peeling produce can also reduce pesticide exposure.

While it’s nearly impossible to eliminate all endocrine disruptors from your environment, taking small, intentional steps can significantly reduce your family’s exposure. Remember: Every effort counts. Start with one or two changes that feel manageable and build from there!

For more help, check out Happiest Baby and EWG's Clean Pregnancy Guide!

Disclaimer: The information on our site is NOT medical advice for any specific person or condition. It is only meant as general information. If you have any medical questions and concerns about your child or yourself, please contact your health provider.